How your breathing could be secret to pain and performance
Back pain. Shoulder pain. Neck pain. Rib pain. What do all of these have in common from a rehab standpoint? They almost always start with the same exercise: diaphragmatic breathing (belly breathing). At first glance that sounds odd. Why would we focus on breathing when the pain is so far away from the lungs? Because your breathing pattern alters everything you do. Whether you’re a college athlete or someone who sits at a desk all day, you breathe thousands of times per day. If that breathing pattern is dysfunctional, then every other movement you make is built on compensation. What is the diaphragm, really? The diaphragm is a dome-shaped muscle that sits underneath the lungs. It separates the chest cavity (heart and lungs) from the abdominal cavity (digestive organs and more). It’s unique because it has two critical roles. First, respiration. When the diaphragm contracts, it descends and flattens, expanding the lungs and drawing air in. Second, core stability. The diaphragm forms the top of what we call the core cylinder: - Diaphragm on top - Pelvic floor on the bottom - Core musculature (obliques, rectus abdominis, multifidus) wrapping around As the diaphragm descends, it pushes abdominal contents downward. The pelvic floor resists that pressure (a topic that deserves its own post). This interaction creates intra-abdominal pressure (IAP). IAP acts like an internal weightlifting belt, stiffening and stabilizing the spine against shear and bending forces. This is the foundation of proper core engagement. So, what happens when we don’t use it properly? When the diaphragm doesn’t do its job, people become chest-dominant breathers. Instead of expanding through the abdomen and ribs, the body recruits muscles around the neck and shoulders to pull air in from above. These muscles were never designed to be primary breathing muscles. Over time they fatigue, posture deteriorates, the head drifts forward, the shoulders round, and those same muscles can no longer properly support the neck and shoulders.