A plant may be capable of deep rooting, but roots can only grow through soil they can enter and function in. Compaction, dense clay, poor aeration, saturated soil, and restrictive layers can change where roots grow. Roots may turn sideways, concentrate above a dense layer, or follow cracks and old root channels instead of growing straight down. This means the root system we actually see is partly a response to the soil around it. When you expose roots, look at the soil too. Notice whether roots suddenly change direction, become concentrated near the surface, or follow visible openings. Permanent culture: A plant's root potential and its actual root occupation are not always the same. Have you ever uncovered roots that seemed to be following a crack, soil layer, or other pathway? A plant capable of deep rooting has most of its roots concentrated above a compacted layer. What is the strongest conclusion?