The Radicalization Method
I have been thinking a lot about an old high school friend of mine who was radicalized. His name was Ahmad Abu Samra. You can Google him and find his story. I knew Ahmad long before his trajectory took a very different path. We met when we were both in High School. We attended the same Mosque. We played sports. We did everything together. Then, somewhere between junior and senior year of high school, something changed. He began to spew radical ideologies. He dressed in traditional Islamic wear. Grew a beard. I knew someone or an organization got to him at the Mosque. I never liked attending this Mosque for that very reason. There were radicals who infiltrated the Mosque. Many discussions of radicalization focus on ideology first — slogans, manifestos, or the extremist content that people consume. What too often gets overlooked is how behavioral shifts are the earliest indicators — long before someone can be labeled “radicalized.” In Ahmad’s case, to those close to him, the shift wasn’t defined by a sudden sermon or a manifesto he shared online. It was a series of seemingly small yet consistent social behaviors — withdrawal from long-standing relationships, increasing emotional rigidity toward grievances, and an evolving sense of identity threat in response to global events that had little real impact on his everyday life. By the time his association with violent networks escalated — eventually leading him overseas and into organizational structures tied with ISIS propaganda and publication efforts — those who knew him had already seen the behavioral drift for years. This pattern is not unique. In my experience, whether in fieldwork or in reviewing cases of Western foreign fighters, the sequence matters: 🔹 Early behavior change (social isolation, grievance escalation) 🔹 Cognitive framing around perceived injustices 🔹 Affiliation with like-minded peers 🔹 Movement toward operational engagement. Too often, analysts and policymakers react at the ideological stage — after someone is already firmly embedded in extremist networks. If we want effective prevention, we must see the behavioral signals that precede that stage.