India's Effective Counter-Insurgency Strategy Outshines Pakistan's Struggling Efforts
In recent years, the differing strategies for counter-insurgency in India and Pakistan have resulted in markedly different outcomes. India has made significant strides in mitigating internal threats, while Pakistan has faced increasing violence and substantial losses among its security forces. India's comprehensive approach to tackling Left-Wing Extremism (LWE), also known as the Maoist or Naxalite insurgency, along with militancy in Jammu & Kashmir, has produced notable results by 2025. Through intensified operations such as Operation Kagar (or Operation Black Forest), Indian security forces have effectively weakened the Communist Party of India (Maoist), eliminating key leaders like general secretary Nambala Keshava Rao (alias Basavaraju) on May 21, 2025, and dozens of militants through coordinated efforts. The number of severely affected districts has dropped from over 100 to just 11 by October 2025, with only three classified as "most affected," as reported by Union Minister of State for Home Affairs, Nityanand Rai, in the Lok Sabha on December 9, 2025. This decline is attributed to a mix of targeted operations, enhanced intelligence, elite groups like CoBRA, and development initiatives aimed at addressing tribal issues. Security personnel casualties have remained low: about 32 in LWE operations in 2025 (up to December 1), with similar low figures in the previous years (around 40-50 annually in Maoist and Kashmir operations during 2023-2024). This indicates a trend of minimized losses despite aggressive action. Conversely, Pakistan's counter-insurgency efforts against the Tehreek-e-Taliban Pakistan (TTP) in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Baloch separatists in Balochistan have drastically deteriorated, resulting in record casualties among security forces. The year 2024 was the deadliest in a decade, with independent reports from the Center for Research and Security Studies (CRSS) documenting around 685 personnel killed in over 444 attacks, while official military reports noted 383 martyrdoms. The situation worsened into 2025, with more than 1,100 security personnel killed by October, making it the bloodiest period in over fifty years, characterized by high-intensity assaults, including incidents like the Jaffar Express hijacking and numerous ambushes by the TTP. Violence has surged across regions covering more than half of Pakistan's territory, revealing vulnerabilities despite large-scale operations that claimed militant eliminations.