ไพๆบ๏ผABC Australia ๏ฝ ็บไฝ ไธๅไบบๅ็็็็ซ่
๐ Level: B2
โโโโ ๐ ้ๅๆฐ่ๅจ่ชชไป้บผ โโโโ
ๅ
่ฌ้้ป๏ผ
ไธๆฌพใ็บๅฎไธ็
ไบบ้่บซ่จๅใ็ mRNA ็็็ซ่๏ผๅจ้ป่ฒ็ด ็ค็็ฌฌไธๆ่ฉฆ้ฉ้ๆจ๏ผๆ็บๅ
จ็็ฌฌไธๅๅๅฐ้ไปถไบ็ๅไบบๅ็็็ซ่ใABC ่จชๅไบๅ่่ฉฆ้ฉ็ๆพณๆดฒ่
ซ็ค็ง้ซๅธซ Adnan Khattak๏ผไปไธ้่งฃ้ๅ็๏ผไธ้ๅ่ฆๆ้ๅคงๅฎถๅ
ๅฅๅคช่ๅฅฎใ
็ดฐ็ฏ๏ผ
โข ็บไป้บผๅซใๅไบบๅใ
Khattak ็ๆฏๅปๅพๅฅฝๆใไป่ชช้ๅปๅๅนด็้ฉๅฝๆฏๅ
็ซ็ๆณ๏ผไฝ้ฃๆฏ้็จ็๏ผ"If I was treating 10 patients in my clinic, I'll be offering them the same treatment."๏ผๅๅ็
ไบบไพ๏ผๆ็ตฆ็ๆฏๅไธ็จฎๆฒป็ใ๏ผๅ้กๆฏๆฏๅไบบ็็็้ฝไธไธๆจฃใๅไบบๅ็ซ่ๅๆฏๆ่กๅพๆ่
ซ็ค็ต็น้ๅฐๅฏฆ้ฉๅฎค๏ผ็จๆผ็ฎๆณๆพๅบ้ๅ็
ไบบ็็ดฐ่็จๆ็่็ฝ่ณช๏ผไปๅฝขๅฎน้ฃๆฏ็็ดฐ่็ "fingerprint"๏ผๆ็ด๏ผ๏ผ้ๅธธๆๅบๆๅค 34 ๅ๏ผๅๆๅฐๅฑฌ็ mRNA ็ซ่ๅ้ๅไพใๆดๅๆต็จๅคง็ดๅ
ญ้ฑ๏ผ็็จๆไนๅใ
โข ็บไป้บผ้่ฆๅฎ
็พ่กๆจๆบๆฏๆ่กๅพๆฅๅๅ
็ซ็ๆณ็ดไธๅนด๏ผ่ฝๆๅพฉ็ผ้ขจ้ช้ไฝๅคง็ดไธๅใไฝ้ซ้ขจ้ช้ป่ฒ็ด ็ค็ๅพฉ็ผ็ๆฌไพๅฐฑ่ฝๅจไธๅฐๅ
ซๆไน้๏ผไป่ชชๅณไฝฟๅไบๆ นๆฒปๆงๆ่กใๅๆไบๅ
็ซ็ๆณ๏ผ็ฌฌไธๆๆฃ่
็ๅพฉ็ผ้ขจ้ชไป็ถ "almost approaching 50%"ใ้ๅฅ่ฉฑ้ปๅบๆดไปถไบ็ๅๆฉ๏ผ"We really need to save the remaining 50% of our patient."
โข ๆธๅญ็ตๆผๆผไบฎไบไธๆฌก
้ๆฌกไธๆ่ฉฆ้ฉๆถไบ 1,137 ๅๆฃ่
๏ผๅๆณๆฏๅจๆจๆบ็ Keytruda ็็จไธๅๅ ๆๅคไนๅๅไบบๅ็ซ่ใๅ
ฌๅธๅจ 8 ๆ 19 ๆฅๅ
ฌๅธ๏ผๅพฉ็ผๆๆญปไบก้ขจ้ช้ไฝ็ด 49%ใKhattak ็นๅฅๆๅฐๅๅนพๅนด็ๆซๆ๏ผ"There have been back-to-back negative trials"๏ผๆฅ้ฃๅฅฝๅนพๅ่ฉฆ้ฉ้ฝๅคฑๆ๏ผ๏ผๆไปฅ้ๆฌก็็ตๆๅฐๆดๅ้ ๅๆ็พฉไธๅฐใ
โข ไฝไปไธ็ดๅจ่ธฉ็
่ป
้ๆฏๆดๆฏ่จชๅๆๅผๅพๅญธ็ๅฐๆนใไปๆฒๆๆ
ถ็ฅ๏ผๅ่่ชช็ตๆ้ๅพๅๆญฅ๏ผๅฎๆดๆธๆ่ฆ็ญๅๆๅจ้ฆฌๅพท้็็ ่จๆๆญฃๅผ็ผ่กจ๏ผ"We still need to be very cautious about how we interpret these results."๏ผๆๅๅฐๆ้บผ่งฃ่ฎ้ไบ็ตๆ้ๆฏ่ฆ้ๅธธ่ฌนๆ
ใ๏ผ็ถๅพ็ตฆไบไธๅๅพๆผไบฎ็่ฉ๏ผ"I think we need to show cautious optimism."
โข ไธๅช้ป่ฒ็ด ็ค๏ผไนไธๅชๆฏ็งๅญธ
ๅๆจฃ็ๆ่ก่ทฏ็ทๅทฒ็ถๅจ่บ็ใ็ฎ่้ฑ็็ดฐ่็ใ่่ฑ็ใ่
่็่ฉฆใไป้่ฌไบไธๆฎต้กๅค่ฉฑ๏ผ่จๅบ่ฉฆ้ฉๅจๆไบๅๅญไปๅธถ่ๆฑกๅ๏ผไฝ้ฃๅ
ถๅฏฆๆฏๆๆฉๆฟๅฐ็ช็ ดๆงๆฒป็็ๆฉๆใไป่ไบไธๅ็นๅไพ็ไพๅญ๏ผ็ฌฌไบๆ่ฉฆ้ฉ็็
ไบบๆฏ 2018 ๅฐ 2019 ๅนดๆฒป็็๏ผ็ซๆ
ไพ็ๆๅ๏ผ้ๅฅ mRNA ๆ่ก่ขซ่ฝๅปๅๆฐๅ ็ซ่๏ผ็พๅจๅๅ้ ญ็จๅจ็็ไธใ
โโโโ ๐ ๆฌๆฅๅด้ธ โโโโ
โธ ๆๆ ใ่ฌนๆ
ๆจ่งใใๅฎๅฒๅฎณๅจๅๆ่ฃไธๅ
ฉ็จฎๆ
ๅบฆ๏ผๆ่ฆบๅพๆๅธๆ๏ผไฝๆ้ไธๆ็ฎๆ
ถ็ฅใ็จ้ๅ่ฉ็ไบบ้ๅธธไธๆฏๅจๆฝๅทๆฐด๏ผๆฏๅจไฟ่ญท่ชๅทฑๅๅฅไบบไธ่ฆๆๅพ
้้ ญใๅฐๆฅญๅ ดๅ่ถ
ๅธธ่ฆ๏ผ้ซ็ใ่ฒก็ถใ่ซๅค๏ผ๏ผๆฅๅธธ่ฌ่ชๅทฑ็่จ็ซไนๅพ่ช็ถใๅ่ฉๅธธๆญ showใexpress๏ผๅฝขๅฎน่ฉๅฝขๆฏ cautiously optimisticใ
โธ ่ชๅข้ๅ Khattak ๅฐ่ชๅทฑๅ่็่ฉฆ้ฉ่ชช we need to show cautious optimism๏ผ้ๆฏ็ ็ฉถ่
็ๆจๆบๅงฟๆ
๏ผๆธๆๅฅฝ็๏ผไฝๆญฃๅผ็ผ่กจๅไธ่ฝ่ฌๆญปใ
โธ ้ ๅฅ "The first week went well, so I'm cautiously optimistic."
๏ผ็ฌฌไธ้ฑ้็ฎ้ ๅฉ๏ผๆไปฅๆๆฑ่่ฌนๆ
ๆจ่งใ๏ผ
โโโโโโ
โธ ๆๆ ใๆฅ้ฃ็ใไธๅๆฅไธๅใใๅญ้ขๆฏ่้ ่๏ผไธญ้ๆฒๆ็ธซ้๏ผๆไปฅ้้ปๅจๅฏ้ใๆฒๆๅๆฏใๅฏไปฅ่ฌ้ฃ็บ็ๆ่ญฐใ้ฃ็บ็็ญใ้ฃ็บ็ๅๅฉๆๅคฑๆใๅฎๆฏ in a row ๆดๆๅฃ่ฟซๆ๏ผๅ ็บ็ซ้ขๆฏใ็ท่ฒผ่ใใ
โธ ่ชๅข้ๅ ไป่ชชๅๅนพๅนดๆฏ back-to-back negative trials๏ผๆฅ้ฃๅนพๅ่ฉฆ้ฉ้ฝๅคฑๆ๏ผไธๅๆฅไธๅ๏ผไธญ้ๆฒๆๅฅฝๆถๆฏใ้ๆจฃ่ฌๆฏ่ชช several failed trials ๆด่ฝๆๅๅฐ้ฃๅนพๅนด็ไฝๆฐฃๅฃใ
โธ ้ ๅฅ "I had back-to-back meetings all morning and didn't even get lunch."
๏ผๆๆดๅๆฉไธๆ่ญฐไธๅ ดๆฅไธๅ ด๏ผๅ้ค้ฝๆฒๅๅฐใ๏ผ
โโโโโโ
โธ ๆๆ ใๆ้ฒๅฑๅ่ทไฝ ่ชชใใpost ๅจ้่ฃกๆฏใ้็ฅใ็ๆๆ๏ผkeep ่กจ็คบๆ็บใๅฎ็่ชๆๆฏๆฟ่ซพไฝไธ็ตฆๆ้่กจ๏ผๆไปฅไบๆ
้ๅจ่ทใไฝ ไน่ชชไธๆบ็ๆๅๆๅฅฝ็จใๅทฅไฝไธๆถๅฐพไธๅฐไฟกใๆๅๅไฝ ้ข่ฉฆ็ตๆ๏ผ้ฝๅฏไปฅ็จ้ๅฅใๆฏ I'll let you know ๆดๆใๆๆ็บๆดๆฐใ็ๆๅณใ
โธ ่ชๅข้ๅ ่ขซๅๅฐ็ซ่ไป้บผๆๅ่ฝ็ตฆไธ่ฌ็
ไบบ็จ๏ผKhattak ่ชชๆ็จ้ไธ็ขบๅฎ๏ผ็ถๅพ่ฃไธๅฅ we'll keep people postedใ้ๆฏๅพๅพ้ซ็ๆถๆณ๏ผไธๆฟ่ซพๆฅๆ๏ผไฝๆฟ่ซพไธๆ่ฎไฝ ็ฉบ็ญใ
โธ ้ ๅฅ "Nothing confirmed yet, but I'll keep you posted."
๏ผ้ๆฒ็ขบๅฎ๏ผๆๆถๆฏๆๅ่ทไฝ ่ชชใ๏ผ
Quick words๏ผ
โ recurrence (n.): ๅพฉ็ผ๏ผๅไธไปถไบๅๆฌก็ผ็ใ โ preliminary (adj.): ๅๆญฅ็๏ผ้ไธๆฏๆ็ต็ๆฌใ โ fast-track (v.): ่ตฐๅฟซ้้้๏ผ่ฎๆต็จๅ ้้้ใ โ stigma (n.): ๆฑกๅ๏ผ็คพๆๅ ๅจๆไปถไบไธ็่ฒ ้ข็ผๅ
ใ โ turnaround (n.): ๅพ้ๅบๅฐๆฟๅ็ๆดๅไฝๆฅญๆ้ใ โโโโ ๐ฌ ๅทไธๅฅ โโโโ
โธ ๅๅฅ "Despite having curative intent surgery, despite having immunotherapy, the risk of recurrence is almost approaching 50%."
โธ ็บไป้บผๅฅฝ ้้ปๅจ้ฃๅ
ฉๅ despiteใไธ่ฌไบบๆๅฏซๆใๅ็ฎกๅไบๆ่กๅๅ
็ซ็ๆณใ๏ผไปๅปๆๅฎๆๆๅ
ฉๆฌก๏ผไธๆฌกไธไปถไบใ้็จฎๅปๆ็้่คๆ่ฎ่ฝ็ไบบ็็ๆ่ฆบๅฐใ้ฝๅๅฐ้ๆจฃไบ๏ผๅฑ
็ถ้ๆฏใใๆณๅผท่ชฟๅชๅ้ไฝ็ตๆไธๅฆ้ ๆๆ๏ผ้ๆๅพๅฅฝ็จใ
โธ ๅฅๅ "Despite ___, despite ___, ___ is still ___."
โธ ้ ๅฅ "Despite going to bed early, despite cutting out coffee, I'm still tired every morning."
๏ผๆๆๆฉ็กไบ๏ผไนๆไบๅๅก๏ผๆๆฏๅคฉๆฉไธ้ๆฏๅพ็ดฏใ๏ผ
โโโโ ๐ ็บไป้บผๅผๅพ็ โโโโ
้ๅๆฐ่็ๆญฃ็้้ปไธๆฏใ็็ๆ่งฃไบใ๏ผ่ๆฏๆฒป็็้่ผฏๆไบไธๅๆนๅใ้ๅปๆฏๆพไธ็จฎ่ฅๅปๅฐไปไธ็จฎ็
๏ผ็พๅจๆฏ่ฎๅบไฝ ่บซไธ้ฃ้ก่
ซ็ค็ๆ็ด๏ผๅไธๆฏๅช้ฉๅไฝ ็็ซ่ใๅๆจฃ็่ทฏ็ทๅทฒ็ถๅจ่บ็ใ่่ฑ็ใ่
่็่ฉฆใ
้ๆไธๅๅฎนๆ่ขซๅฟฝ็ฅ็็ดฐ็ฏใ้ๅฅ mRNA ๆ่กๆฌไพๅฐฑๅจๅ็็็ ็ฉถ๏ผ็ซๆ
ไพ็ๆๅ่ขซ่ชฟๅปๅๆฐๅ ็ซ่๏ผ็พๅจๅ็นๅ็็ใ็ถๅนด้ฃ็ญๅ
จไธ็็ ธไธๅป็้ข๏ผๆๆไธๅชๅจ้ฃไธๅนดใไธๆฌก็ๅฐใๅๆญฅ็ตๆใๅๅๅญ๏ผ่จๅพ็งๅญธๅฎถ่ชๅทฑ้ฝๅจ่ชช cautious optimism๏ผๆๅๆดๆฒๆ็็ฑๆฏไปๅ่ๅฅฎใ
โโโโ ๐ฃ๏ธ ๆไฝ ่ชช โโโโ
What's something you're cautiously optimistic about right now?
Start with: "Honestly, I'm cautiously optimistic about ..."