Nutrient/Macronutrient intake to support mitochondrial function, biogenesis, fission, mitophagy
What is the appropriate timing of nutrient/macronutrient intake (carbs/proteins/fats/ketones/creatine/l-carnitine/etc.) to support the maximum function and improvement in the overall mitochondrial system (new mitochondria/more mitochondria/better functioning mitochondria) when we are using exercise as a stimulus and improved exercise performance as the outcome. For example, how should fasted cardio/strength training be used and if not fasted does it hinder adaptation to provide too much cho substrate vs. ketone substrate (or neither/both)...should the immediate refeeding/refueling post-exercise focus on nutrients such as creatine and other ATP replenishers or should it focus on prolonging the metabolic state achieved during exercise to further enhance adaptive responses - for example, continuing to fast after exercise to further prolong signaling? Or providing micronutrients/petides/nutrients/food/substrates/ketones/cho/protein to begin the repair process? I struggle when considering prolonging signaling cascades vs. starting the adaptive phase. This is more straight-forward with muscle tissue where you want to be "anabolic" as much as possible, however the mitochondria development/respond quite differently than muscle tissue and the stress of the exercise and/or fasting contributes to the adaptaive signaling (but to what point is this prolonged signaling no longer beneficial and the recovery phase needs to begin)?
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Nutrient/Macronutrient intake to support mitochondrial function, biogenesis, fission, mitophagy