Understanding RED-S 🟥 (Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport)
I first heard about RED-S this summer. While studying to become a running coach, a classmate of mine, who specializes in women’s triathlon, shared an article on the topic with me. At the time, I was in the midst of an exciting phase—training in the mountains and participating in various races. However, after a while, I began to feel increasingly tired, and even my easy runs started to feel like a struggle. After reading the article, it became clear: I was experiencing RED-S. 😔 Now, being knowledgeable about this has changed my understanding of training, nutrition, and recovery, while also raising awareness about this very important topic. It’s estimated that over 40% of professional athletes suffer from RED-S, and the number may be even HIGHER among amateur athletes and fitness enthusiasts. RED-S occurs when athletes consistently burn more energy through physical activity than they consume through their diet. Over time, this energy deficit can lead to a wide range of symptoms, including hormonal imbalances, reproductive issues, insomnia, fatigue, weakened bones, injuries, and a higher risk of anxiety and depression. Many triathletes, runners, and climbers aim to stay lean and maintain their “competition weight” year-round. While weight is important in sports that rely on power-to-weight ratio, insufficient calorie intake to match training demands can lead to fat retention and muscle loss. Irregular or inadequate eating can cause the body to store fat, resulting in RED-S. However, the reasons for reduced calorie intake can be both conscious and unconscious. Statistics on RED-S in Sports - Prevalence: Studies show that 40% of female athletes and up to 25% of male athletes in endurance sports experience RED-S or low energy availability. - High-Risk Sports: Endurance sports like running, cycling, swimming, and rowing have the highest prevalence. For example: - Runners: Up to 50% of elite female runners show signs of RED-S. - Cyclists: Approximately 20-30% of male and female cyclists report symptoms. - Dancers and Gymnasts: Also at high risk due to aesthetic and weight-focused pressures.