Sequential stages. Structured context loaded per step. Input/output contracts. Human review gates before the next step runs. Agents that keep working after you close the tab.
The difference is not in the concept, it's in the implementation. OpenAI delivers this as a cloud product built on top of Codex. ICM delivers the same logic through the filesystem: portable, versionable, zero framework dependency, no vendor lock-in. The observability story is also different. When you want to inspect what the agent did at any step, you open the folder and read the file. No dashboard to configure, no logging layer to build, no special tooling. The structure itself is the audit trail.
The OpenAI announcement is good news for everyone building in this space. It validates that structured, stage-based, reviewable AI workflows are the right direction for real work inside organizations.