Fancy a sweet treat? Well... Here is a list of the major negative effects excess added sugar has on the body: Metabolic & Hormonal ----- Causes insulin resistance Increases risk of type 2 diabetes Promotes metabolic syndrome Leads to fatty liver disease (NAFLD) due to high fructose metabolism Disrupts hunger hormones (ghrelin β, leptin β) β more cravings Increases belly fat (visceral fat) Cardiovascular ----- Raises triglycerides Lowers HDL (good) cholesterol Increases blood pressure Damages arterial walls (promotes atherosclerosis) Increases risk of heart disease and stroke Brain & Mental Health ----- Impairs cognitive function Linked to memory decline Increases risk of Alzheimerβs disease (sometimes called βtype 3 diabetesβ) Stimulates reward pathways (can create addictive behaviours) Linked to higher rates of depression and anxiety Inflammation & Immune Function ----- Triggers systemic inflammation Increases oxidative stress Suppresses immune function short-term after consumption Weight & Body Composition ----- High-calorie but low-nutrient (promotes weight gain) Increases water retention and bloating Promotes loss of muscle insulin sensitivity (harder to lose weight or build muscle) Skin & Aging ----- Causes glycation (AGEs) (accelerates skin aging, wrinkles, loss of collagen) Worsens acne via hormonal and inflammatory pathways Gut & Digestive System ----- Feeds harmful gut bacteria Disrupts microbiome balance (dysbiosis) Increases risk of leaky gut and inflammatory bowel responses (especially fructose) Cancer Risk ----- Promotes obesity Increases insulin and IGF-1, which can stimulate cancer cell growth Increases chronic inflammation Oral Health ----- Feeds harmful oral bacteria (cavities and tooth decay) Contributes to gum inflammation Energy & Performance ----- Causes rapid energy spikes followed by crashes Reduces sleep quality Impairs metabolic flexibility (bodyβs ability to burn fat efficiently)