Try this: https://websoilsurvey.nrcs.usda.gov/app/

Welcome Askar! You can find good historical temperature records at https://www.wunderground.com/history; you just have to identify a location and a date and it will give you records as far back as (potentially) as 1930. For finding information on soil types, you can check out Web Soil Survey, https://websoilsurvey.nrcs.usda.gov/app/; lots of information and a bit overwhelming to begin with, but I think you would find it helpful. The harder issue, in my opinion, is finding 'budget' land as you refer to it. Real estate prices are skyrocketing all across the US, as most people would tell you. It's probably easier to find less expensive property without improvements of any kind, but that means you must pour lots of money into improvements to make it livable (well, septic, home, outbuildings, etc.) The days of legal 'homesteading' are long gone here. Yes, you might try living in a travel trailer while improving a property, but local zoning might prohibit that. In other words, you must do lots of research about a specific property or area to get the answer to the questions you ask. The USA is a BIG place, with many unique rules, regulations and practices as it relates to property ownership, and many diverse communities of people, with various degrees of inclusion and welcoming for outsiders. All of my comments assume you are considering living in the USA yourself, and not just posing theoretical questions. Stefano (site Admin) has written a book that you might find insightful; his post about it is here - https://www.skool.com/perma-resilience/early-access-book-drop-community-only?p=aa2c25c2. Do your research, and best of luck.

@Askar Seitbattalov Wow, what are the odds you are in this area? Thanks, but I'll pass on the coffee offer. Enjoy Lansing while you are here.

@Rebecca Armstrong Welcome!

@Shana Bradley Welcome!

All things considered, I would go somewhere I felt I would fit in best with the least amount of hurdles to jump in order to fit in. I have always been a person who is moderately-to-extremely cautious of new and strange situations, and that has only intensified in my advancing years and in the 21st century's chaotic world stage. For example, since I only speak English and have never had a propensity for foreign languages, it would not make sense for me to completely start over somewhere where English wasn't the dominant language and therefore where I might feel at a disadvantage. Also, I'm an older person (73 and halfway to 74), without a life partner, and limited resources. It would be difficult, if not downright unsafe for a person like me to live in certain parts of the world. So as Kelley mentioned in one of her comments above, 'everyone is in a different place in their life' and that means while I might have loved to move to Australia, New Zealand or Alaska in my youth, it is not in my future to ever do that. It's not all about permaculture or agriculture opportunities, although that is the emphasis of this site of course. To finalize my comment, I think I would relocate to Canada at this point if I had to choose. Language no problem, less problems with re-entry to the USA if desired and similar climate, culture and world philosophy.