Black pepper and turmeric: another myth?
The earliest recorded use of turmeric dates back over 4,000 years to the Vedic culture in India, where it was revered as a culinary spice, panacea and held great religious significance.1 In traditional systems of medicine, such as Ayurveda and Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) turmeric has been used as a digestive tonic and anti-inflammatory agent, applied in the treatment of digestive concerns such as flatulence, colic and appetite loss, as well as menstrual disorders, pain and joint disorders. Over 100 different phytochemical compounds have been identified in turmeric, including volatile oils such as turmerone and zingiberene, and the curcuminoids that give the rhizome its iconic rich coloring. Curcuminoids consist of curcumin, demethoxycurcumin, 5’-methoxycurcumin, and dihydrocurcumin, and are well known for their antioxidant activity. Turmeric is a powerful herb. It is associated with healthy aging, particularly the cellular protective Nrf2 pathway, via several mechanisms. In addition, it is - Biological antioxidant - Strong anti-inflammatory compound - Detoxification - Mitochondrial support Studies also show that turmeric may affect neuroinflammation, relating to stress, depending on the bioavailability connected with different forms of turmeric. The active compounds in turmeric can cross the blood-brain barrier in order to elicit those positive effects. One of the challenges with turmeric formulations, however, is the relatively poor bioavailability of the curcuminoids, including curcumin, which are rapidly metabolized in the intestines and liver. Traditionally, turmeric was often formulated with black pepper to help increase its effectiveness. Recent research has shown that a type of polysaccharide, or fiber, from fenugreek seeds known as galactomannan can significantly increase the bioavailability of curcumin, much more than black pepper, up to 25X higher. Black pepper contain a molecule called piperine, inhibits liver enzymes like CYP3A4 and UGT enzymes.