1. A negotiable instrument is a written document that promises or orders payment of money. 2. Essential elements: Must be a written instrument, signed by the maker or drawer, an unconditional promise or order, a fixed amount of money, payable to order or bearer, and payable on demand or at a definite time. 3. A promissory note is a promise to pay, and a draft is an order to pay. 4. A cashiers check is drawn by a bank, while a certified check is a personal check guaranteed by the bank. 5. NI following parties are: a. Maker: The person who promises to pay b. Drawer: The person who writes or orders the payment. c. Drawee: The person or bank ordered to pay. d. Payee: The person who receives the payment e. Holder: The person who possesses the instrument and has the right to payment. 6. The life cycle of a NI: Creation, issuance, transfer, presentment, acceptance, dishonor, and payment