User Access Policies (UAPs) are a policy-based automation feature in Salesforce that enable admins to define and enforce access assignments systematically. Instead of manually assigning permissions, profiles, groups, or licenses multiple times, UAPs let you set up criteria-driven rules to automatically grant or revoke these access elements based on user attributes or behaviors.
I don't think this is on the admin exam but its a new feature that if designed right can save a lot of time manually configuring user permissions, especially during onboarding, role changes, or offboarding.