Glioblastoma X (Contest Entry)
Glioblastoma X: Targeted Nanoparticle Drug Delivery for Glioblastoma Treatment and Neural Regeneration Overview: Glioblastoma multiforme is one of the most aggressive and challenging forms of cancer. Conventional therapies, such as neurosurgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy are often inadequate at providing a long-term cure. The inability of current chemotherapeutic drugs to cross the blood-brain barrier and specifically target cancer cells is a significant obstacle in glioblastoma treatment. This is because the blood-brain barrier intends to prevent pathogens and harmful substances from entering the spinal cord and brain, but while doing so it also prevents large molecules from entering such as many chemotherapeutics. To solve this, Glioblastoma X focuses on designing PLGA-PEG nanoparticles to overcome these challenges. These nanoparticles are engineered to cross the blood-brain barrier, selectively target glioblastoma tumor cells, and release a combination of temozolomide and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in a controlled manner. The main goal of my project is to destroy the tumor while also promoting neural regeneration in previously healthy neural cells. How It Works: Core (PLGA): The nanoparticle’s core is made from PLGA. PLGA is a biodegradable polymer that can encapsulate hydrophobic and hydrophilic drugs. Temozolomide is hydrophobic, so the PLGA encapsulates temozolomide for a slow and controlled release. Having a controlled release of the chemotherapeutics allows sustained delivery while also minimizing the systemic toxicity rapid release can potentially bring about. Intermediate Layer (PCL-PEG): Surrounding the core is an intermediate layer of PCL and PEG. PCL has a slower degradation rate than PLGA. This allows BDNF to be released after the nanoparticle has bound to a cancerous cell, released temozolomide, and unbound and attached to a damaged neural cell. PEG enhances the circulation of the nanoparticles because it masks the nanoparticle’s identity by preventing the immune system from recognizing the foreign “invader.”