The Statue of Liberty wasn’t always green. When it was unveiled in 1886, it was the shiny reddish brown colour of a brand new penny. The statue is made of copper sheets only about 2.4 mm thick, roughly the thickness of two pennies stacked together. As soon as it was exposed to New York’s air, rain and sea spray, the copper began reacting with its surroundings. First it darkened to a dull brown. Then, over the next two decades or so, a green layer called a patina slowly spread across the surface. That green coating is mostly a mineral called brochantite, formed partly by sulfur from the city’s polluted air. Far from damaging the statue, it acts like a protective shield, sealing the thin copper underneath from further corrosion. In the early 1900s, there were plans to paint over the green and restore its original look. The public objected, and the paint never went on. So the colour we recognise today wasn’t a design choice. It’s what over a century of weather did to the copper.