Most organizations talk about “AI governance” at the policy level. Almost none implement it at runtime. Downstream governance is not documentation. It is execution control. This lesson focuses on what happens after the model generates output, because that is where risk becomes real.
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1. Classify Output Before It Acts
Is this informational?
Is this advisory?
Is this executable?
Is this externally visible?
Not all outputs are equal. A chatbot answer is not the same as a system-triggering instruction. Every output must be tagged and classified before it touches production systems. High-risk categories (financial actions, legal messaging, customer-facing automation, database writes) require stricter thresholds and possibly human review. Governance begins with output typing.
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2. Build a Decision Gate
Policy engine
Rules engine
Threshold enforcement
Context-aware constraints
A model’s output should pass through a deterministic decision engine. This engine checks compliance rules, access rights, risk scores, and confidence metrics. If conditions fail, the output is blocked or rerouted. This prevents probabilistic systems from directly executing irreversible actions.
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3. Separate Data Authority From Model Access
Model can suggest
Model cannot write directly
Writes require verified credentials + checks
AI should not have raw write access to sensitive systems. All data modification must pass through secure APIs with permission validation. This protects against prompt injection, adversarial inputs, and unintended escalation. The model is not the authority. The system is.
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4. Drift Detection in Production
Output distribution shifts
Spike in retries
Increased override rates
Confidence decay
Models drift. Use telemetry to monitor statistical changes in outputs and user correction frequency. If override rates spike, the system should automatically reduce automation scope or revert to supervised mode. Drift detection protects long-term stability.
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5. Blast Radius Containment
Rate limits
Action caps
Sandbox testing
Rollback pathways
If something goes wrong, how far can it spread? Downstream governance limits damage propagation. Systems should cap transaction counts, limit auto-responses, and maintain rollback logs. Small failures are survivable. Large cascades are not.
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6. Audit Replay Infrastructure
Store decision chains
Store model versions
Store enforcement decisions
If you cannot reconstruct a decision path, you cannot defend it in court or to regulators. Replayability transforms AI from experimental to enterprise-grade.
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7. Governance Is a Control System, Not a Committee
Committees debate intent. Control systems enforce boundaries. Real downstream governance means embedding constraint into runtime architecture. It is mechanical, not moral.
When governance is enforced at the execution layer, AI becomes predictable, controllable, and insurable. When it is not, you are not running AI, you are running exposure.
Lesson 3 Coming Soon