What is the Therapy Iceberg?
A therapy iceberg is a metaphor used in psychology and mental health to explain how much of a person’s experience lies beneath the surface of what they show.
🔹 Surface (above water): The visible part; behaviours, words, emotions, and actions that people openly express.
🔹 Underneath (below water): The hidden part; unconscious thoughts, core beliefs, suppressed emotions, past experiences, and unmet needs that strongly influence what’s visible but aren’t immediately obvious.
👉 In therapy, the iceberg model helps clients and therapists understand that what we see (anger, withdrawal, anxiety, etc.) is just the tip. To create lasting change, therapy explores the larger, deeper layers beneath the surface.
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Adam Pooley
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What is the Therapy Iceberg?
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