From "By Faith" to "Through Faith": A Linguistic Journey in Greek and Latin
✨ Language is a bridge between belief and understanding, constantly evolving to reflect deeper cultural and spiritual shifts. One fascinating example comes from the early theological language of Greek and Latin, particularly the transition between phrases like 'by faith' (ἐκ πίστεως in Greek, ex fide in Latin) and 'through faith' (διὰ πίστεως in Greek, per fidem in Latin). This change reveals more than grammar—it uncovers shifts in how ancient peoples perceived their relationship with the divine and how faith was understood as either a source of salvation or a conduit to grace. 1. The Greek Perspective: 'ἐκ πίστεως' to 'διὰ πίστεως' - 'ἐκ πίστεως' (by faith): In ancient Greek texts, particularly the New Testament (e.g., Romans 1:17), ἐκ πίστεως conveys the idea of faith as a source or origin. Salvation and righteousness are understood to flow out of faith, emphasizing its foundational role in one's spiritual life. - 'διὰ πίστεως' (through faith): As theology evolved, διὰ πίστεως began to appear more frequently, emphasizing faith as a channel or means by which grace or salvation is accessed. This slight shift reflects a move toward understanding faith as an ongoing, relational process rather than just an initial state. 2. The Latin Perspective: 'Ex Fide' to 'Per Fidem' - 'Ex Fide' (by faith): In early Latin translations of Christian texts (e.g., the Vulgate), ex fide mirrors the Greek ἐκ πίστεως, highlighting the source of justification or spiritual life. Faith is depicted as the starting point—a foundation upon which spiritual life is built. - 'Per Fidem' (through faith): As Latin theological language matured, per fidem gained prominence, emphasizing faith as the pathway or mechanism through which divine grace is experienced. This reflects a broader theological understanding of faith as dynamic, relational, and continuous. 3. The Mystical Shift in Meaning This linguistic evolution mirrors changes in spiritual thought: - 'By faith' focused on the initial act of belief—an individual's response to the divine. - 'Through faith' expanded to include the ongoing relationship, where faith becomes the active channel for divine interaction and transformation.