You respond to a 68-year-old male complaining of shortness of breath. He is sitting upright, speaking in 2–3 word sentences. Assessment findings: - RR: 28 and labored - SpO₂: 90% on room air - Audible wheezes - BP: 168/94 - HR: 112 - History: COPD and hypertension He has a prescribed albuterol inhaler but has not used it yet. What is your best initial action? A. Assist the patient with his prescribed albuterol inhaler B. Apply a nonrebreather mask at 15 L/min C. Begin positive pressure ventilation with a BVM D. Place the patient supine and administer aspirin

You have just assisted with the delivery of a full-term newborn. The baby was delivered 1 minute ago and appears cyanotic in the trunk and extremities, has a weak cry, some flexion of the extremities, grimaces when stimulated, and has a heart rate of 110. Based on your APGAR assessment, what is your MOST appropriate next step? A) Begin chest compressions and positive pressure ventilation B) Dry and warm the infant, suction the airway, and provide stimulation C) Administer blow-by oxygen only and continue monitoring D) Wrap the infant and place skin-to-skin with the mother

You are called to a residence for a 32-year-old female who is 38 weeks pregnant. She states her contractions are approximately 2 minutes apart and she feels the urge to push. Upon inspection, you observe the umbilical cord presenting from the vaginal opening ahead of the baby. What is your MOST appropriate action? A) Place the mother in a supine position and prepare for immediate delivery B) Attempt to gently push the cord back into the vaginal canal C) Position the mother with hips elevated, apply moist sterile dressings to the cord, and transport immediately D) Coach the mother to push with each contraction to deliver the baby as quickly as possible

You arrive on scene to find a 58-year-old male sitting upright in a tripod position on his front porch. He is diaphoretic, speaking in 2-3 word sentences, and states he "can't breathe." His wife reports he has a history of CHF and ran out of his medications three days ago. Lung sounds reveal bilateral crackles halfway up the chest. Vitals: BP 188/110, HR 118, RR 28, SpO2 88% on room air. What is your MOST appropriate next intervention? A) Establish IV access and administer a 500 mL normal saline bolus B) Apply high-flow oxygen via non-rebreather mask and position the patient upright C) Assist the patient with his prescribed nitroglycerin tablet D) Apply a nasal cannula at 4 LPM and prepare for immediate transport

You respond to a residence for a 28-year-old male with a reported allergic reaction. On arrival, the patient states he was stung by a bee about 10 minutes ago. He has hives across his chest, audible stridor, and is speaking in short sentences. His BP is 88/60 mmHg, HR is 124, RR is 24, and SpO₂ is 91% on room air. He has a prescribed epinephrine auto-injector but has not used it. Which of the following is the most appropriate next action? A. Apply high-flow oxygen via NRB mask and transport immediately, monitoring en route. B. Assist the patient in administering his epinephrine auto-injector and prepare for rapid transport. C. Administer oral diphenhydramine (Benadryl) from your jump bag and reassess in 5 minutes. D. Place the patient supine with legs elevated and contact medical direction before any intervention.