Modern Dissatisfaction and Hegel
Hegel, who lived 1770-1831, is notoriously one of the most difficult philosophers to read. Likely, this is because his philosophy aimed to unify what seemed inherently incompatible. So why did I choose to write about Hegel today? Because we are living, at least I am living, in a world with so much contradiction and tension that it is disorienting. On our day to day there are people purporting to have the truth about this or that, they all contradict each other, the figures themselves seem hypocritical, and it contributes to the flurry already plaguing our mental space. Hegel's philosophy stands out to me today because the distress we are feeling in the face of contradiction and confusion supports the notion of our minds being unified with the world we are observing. Hegel wrote with the intent to unify everything in to the Absolute, attempting to solve the one-many problem that stretches back to Plato. The essence of the One-many problem is this: Ideals, or perfection, are the concepts and structures which govern Reality, logic, and our perception. While the material/distinct world must participate in this One-logic, often referred to as God, to carry out its distinction. For example a tree is a tree because it fits in to the definition we have for tree... the definition is conceptual and categorical, but the material tree depends on that immaterial category for us to perceive it as a tree. You may have heard of Kant's concept of apriori knowledge, a truth that is known through pure reason, by existing within the immutable logic of Reality. For Kant, it is this apriori structure which makes experience possible but is distinct from knowledge which is a posteriori and requires experience to attain. Returning to the tree example, the a priori knowledge is that the tree can be categorized, while the actual categorization of the tree requires a posteriori knowledge of the object through experience. Where Kant sees the attainment of knowledge as a stepwise process with distinct aspects and knowable knowledge as limited/discrete, Hegel's philosophy seeks to overcome those limits, identifying the logic of the universe as all encompassing rather than fragmented.