Learn the three ways to pronounce regular past-tense endings—/t/, /d/, and /ɪd/—by listening to the final sound of the verb. Look at the final sound of the verb, not the final letter. -ed - /t/ sound After these sounds (voiceless sounds: t- k- p ) Examples/t//p/, /k/, /f/, /s/, /ʃ/(sh), /tʃ/ Ch- tch), /θ/ (soft th as in think) helped, worked, laughed, kissed, washed, watched/ ed- = /d/ affter .Vowels (a-e-i-o-u) and voiced sounds: /b/, /g/, /v/, /z/, /ʒ/ (as is measured) (/dʒ/, (ge/ j/: managed) /ð (hard th: the) /, /m/, /n/, /ŋ/, /l/, /r/ played, robbed, loved, cleaned, called, measured, managed 3. ed= /ɪd/ after /t/ or /d/ wanted, needed, appreciated Easy memory rule: - T or D → /ɪd/ - No voice → /t/ - Voice → /d/ worked • played • wanted Challenge yourself: 1. Worked 2. Played 3. Wanted 4. Laughed 5. Cleaned 6. Needed 7. Watched 8. Loved 9. Started 10. Kissed 11. Called 12. Decided 13. Washed 14. Opened 15. Invited 16. opened 17. figured out