2d (edited) • Tradecraft
The Complete Bug Out Bag Guide: Multiple Day Survival Set-Up from a Former SERE Specialist
The Complete Bug Out Bag Guide: Multiple Day Survival Set-Up from a Former SERE Specialist
Statistically, the odds of actually having to bug out are very low. But if you ever do, you want to make sure you have the right mindset, the right skill set, and the right tool set to maximize your survivability.
In this comprehensive guide, I'll break down the complete Bug Out Bag (BOB) system I've torture-tested through years of survival, evasion, resistance, and escape (SERE) training in the US Air Force. This is gear I've taken into the field, tested through multiple biomes, environments, and conditions time and time again.
This isn't theoretical. This is what works.
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What is a Bug Out Bag?
A Bug Out Bag (BOB) is your 72-hour complete self-sufficiency system designed for when you can't return home for at least 3 days—or possibly much longer.
When You Need a BOB:
✅ Natural disaster requiring evacuation
✅ Civil unrest forcing relocation
✅ Infrastructure collapse
✅ Long-term emergency displacement
✅ Any scenario where home is not accessible for 3+ days
✅ Especially when “Home” is not an option (otherwise see Get Home Bag Article)
Key Characteristics:
• Weight: 25-35 lbs base (before water and food)
• Duration: Up to 7+ days
• Purpose: Complete independence from home base or support infrastructure
• Mobility: Designed for extended foot travel if necessary
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BOB vs. Other Go Bags: Understanding the Difference
Before we dive into gear, let's clarify how a Bug Out Bag differs from other emergency kits:
WUSH Bag (0-30 minutes)
• Weight: 3-4 lbs
• Purpose: Immediate escape from imminent danger
• Contents: Minimal EDC essentials
Get Home Bag (24 hours)
• Weight: 10-15 lbs
• Purpose: Get from work/travel back to home
• Contents: Basic survival for urban/suburban travel
Bug Out Bag (72+ hours)
• Weight: 25-35 lbs
• Purpose: Extended survival away from home
• Contents: Complete self-sufficiency system
INCH Bag (30+ days)
• Weight: 50-75+ lbs
• Purpose: Long-term displacement, never returning home
• Contents: Everything for indefinite survival
This guide focuses specifically on the BOB — the goldilocks of go bags. Heavy enough to sustain you for 72+ hours, light enough to actually move with.
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The 5 Basic Needs Framework
Every piece of gear in your Bug Out Bag should be evaluated through the lens of your 5 basic needs:
1. Communications - Electronic and non-electronic
2. Health - Mental, physical, medical, hygiene
3. Personal Protection - From adversaries and elements
4. Sustenance - Water and food
5. Travel - Navigation and mobility
If it doesn't serve one of these critical needs, it doesn't belong in your BOB.
Let's break down each category in detail.
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CHOOSING THE RIGHT BAG
Before we load gear, we need the right pack.
My Recommendation: Eberlestock Low Drag 2
Why this pack works:
Rifle Scabbard Integration
The Low Drag 2 has a centerline rifle scabbard that integrates with the pack. If you're carrying a long gun, it won't throw your weight to one side or the other. Over long distances, this makes a massive difference.
Size Discipline
This pack is deliberately not oversized. Why? Because if you give someone a large pack, they'll fill it with unnecessary gear. The Low Drag 2 forces you to think critically about what you actually need.
Proven Durability
Tested through multiple environments—desert, mountain, forest, urban. It holds up.
Key Features to Look For:
• 40-60L capacity
• MOLLE/PALS webbing for modularity
• Hydration bladder compatible
• Hip belt for weight distribution
• Compression straps
• Weatherproof construction
• Comfortable shoulder harness
• Internal or external frame, depending on planned “wet” weight
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COMMUNICATIONS: Electronic & Non-Electronic
When infrastructure fails, you need redundant communication systems. Plan for both electronic and non-electronic methods.
Electronic Communications
1. Rugged Cell Phone
Your primary communication device when towers are operational.
Requirements:
• MIL-STD-810 rated durability
• Waterproof/dustproof case
• Long battery life
• Offline map capability (Recommend CalTopo, ATAK, OnX Hunt)
Pro Tip: As satellite communication becomes more integrated into standard phones, cell coverage requirements continue to decrease. Future-proof your setup.
Recommended: mark37.com/ref/ARC
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2. Garmin inReach Mini - Satellite Communicator
Your backup when cellular fails completely.
Capabilities:
• Two-way satellite text and email
• SOS button with 24/7 rescue coordination
• GPS navigation
• Weather reports
• Share your location with family/team
Why it's essential: Cell towers go down in disasters. Satellites don't. This device has saved lives when nothing else worked.
Cost: $400 | Weight: 0.2 lbs | Subscription Required
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3. Quality Radio - UV-5R or Better
HAM radio capability for when you need extended range communication.
Features to Consider:
• HF/VHF bands
• Extended antenna
• Backup batteries
• Laminated frequency card with backup channels
Legal Note: You technically need a HAM license to operate on certain frequencies. In a true emergency, this requirement is waived. Get trained anyway.
Training Resource: radiomadeeasy.com
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4. Battery Bank + Hand Crank Charger
All your electronics are useless when they're dead.
Why This System Works:
Solar Panel Reality Check:
I'm going to be honest—most solar panels small enough to carry don't generate enough power quickly enough to be reliable. I haven't found one I'm comfortable recommending yet.
Hand Crank Solution:
Even if completely dead, 15 minutes of hand cranking restocks your battery bank. Then you can charge all your devices from there.
Rechargeable Battery Hack:
If you have devices that use AA/AAA batteries (headlamps, GPS units), swap them for EBL rechargeable batteries that charge via micro USB. Now everything charges from your battery bank.
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Non-Electronic Communications
When batteries die and electronics fail, these analog tools save lives.
5. Signal Mirror
Range: Up to 100 miles under ideal conditions
Weight: 0.2 lbs
Sunlight reflection is visible for incredible distances. No batteries required. Works when everything else fails.
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6. Smoke Canister (MK8)
Duration: 5 minutes of bright colored smoke
Use Case: Daytime aerial signaling
Weight: 1.0 lb
Originally designed for Coast Guard use. Often available after expiration date at significant discount—still fully functional.
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7. Handheld Flare (MK8)
Duration: Shorter than road flare, but brighter and hotter
Use Case: Nighttime signaling
Weather Protection: Already encased in plastic
Weight: 0.5 lbs
Alternative: Standard road flares burn 4x longer but aren't as bright or hot. Wrap in duct tape or 100mph tape for weatherproofing.
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8. Chemlight (Cyalume)
Duration: 8-12 hours
Colors Available: Multiple (including IR for covert ops)
Use: Circle signal for land or aerial assets
Weight: 0.1 lbs
Attach with boot lace or 550 cord. Create circles in the air once activated. A “wagon wheel” for ground forces and “Buzzsaw” for areal assets. Could replace with IR for covert comms.
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9. Emergency Whistle
Signal: Three blasts = international distress signal
Range: 1+ miles depending on conditions
Works when: Voice fails from exhaustion or injury
Weight: 0.1 lbs
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HEALTH: Mental, Physical, Medical, Hygiene
Most people focus on tactical gear and weapons. But you're statistically far more likely to need medical supplies than ammunition.
Mental Health & Spiritual Foundation
New Testament, Psalms, Proverbs
Weight: 0.7 lbs
Waterproofing: Store in plastic bag
Why it matters: Long-term survival situations test your mental fortitude more than your physical capability. Having spiritual resources maintains mental health.
Personal Note: When I'm in the field, I like reading about David running from enemies—the original SERE dude. Find what anchors you mentally.
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Hygiene: Disease Prevention
Poor hygiene in the field leads to infection, disease, and mission failure faster than almost anything else.
Hygiene Kit Contents:
• Dude Wipes - Larger, more effective than standard TP
• Mountain Money Toilet Paper - Compact, biodegradable
• Purell Hand Sanitizer - High alcohol content (dual use as fire starter with TP)
• Liquid IV - Electrolyte hydration multiplier
• Toothpaste + Compact Travel Toothbrush - Dental hygiene prevents infection
Weight: ~0.5 lbs total
Pro Tip: Package everything in a waterproof stuff sack to keep organized and dry.
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Medical Supplies: Trauma & Basic Care
Your medical kit should handle both massive trauma and common field injuries.
SAM Splint
Purpose: Treat sprains, breaks, dislocations
Weight: 0.2 lbs
Moldable aluminum splint that conforms to any limb. Essential for mobility injuries.
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Tourniquet (CAT Gen 7 or SOF-T)
Purpose: Stop life-threatening limb hemorrhage
Quantity: Carry at least one, preferably two
Weight: 0.3 lbs each
Reality Check: Most lives lost in trauma situations are from preventable bleeding. Tourniquet application is the #1 life-saving skill.
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4-Inch Israeli Pressure Dressing
Purpose: Apply direct pressure to severe bleeding
Weight: 0.4 lbs
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Hemostatic Gauze (QuikClot or Celox Rapid)
Purpose: Pack into wounds to stop arterial bleeding
Weight: 0.3 lbs
Infused into gauze that you stuff directly into deep wounds. Stops even arterial bleeding. Critical for long term field care as you may want to carefully remove TQ’s for long term survival. (Controversial among standard EMT’s but effective for wilderness care under certain circumstances)
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Chest Seals
Purpose: Seal chest puncture wounds (gunshot, impalement, accidents)
Quantity: 2 (front and back treatment)
Weight: 0.2 lbs
Reality Check: Puncture wounds happen in the woods from falls, branches, accidents—not just gunshots. Be prepared.
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Patient Assessment Card
Purpose: Systematic evaluation checklist
Weight: <0.1 lbs
Helps you run through proper medical assessment even under stress. Mental checklist when your brain is overloaded.
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NOLS Wilderness First Aid Guide
Purpose: Field medical reference
Weight: 0.3 lbs
Quick reference for wilderness medical situations beyond your standard training.
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Emergency Blanket (Mylar)
Purpose: Prevent shock, retain body heat
Weight: 0.2 lbs
Essential for trauma patients. Blood loss = body temperature drops = shock. Keeping core temp at 98.6° saves lives.
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Boo-Boo Kit (Minor Injuries)
Contents:
• Moleskin/Second Skin for blisters
• Adhesive bandages (various sizes)
• Triple Antibiotic ointment
• Pain relievers (ibuprofen, acetaminophen)
• Anti-diarrheal medication
• Antihistamines
Reality: This kit gets used 100x more often than trauma gear. Well, for me anyway… Blisters, minor cuts, headaches, stomach issues—these are the injuries you'll actually face most often.
Weight: ~0.5 lbs
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CRITICAL MEDICAL REMINDER
Gear without training is just expensive decoration.
Having a fully-stocked medical kit means nothing if you don't know how to:
• Apply a tourniquet correctly under stress, perhaps with 1 hand
• Pack a wound with hemostatic gauze
• Treat for shock
• Perform basic wound care
• Able to use MARCH effectively
Recommended Training:
• Stop the Bleed course
• Wilderness First Responder certification
• Tactical Combat Casualty Care (TCCC)
• CPR/AED certification
Action Step: Schedule medical training before you buy more gear.
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PERSONAL PROTECTION: From Environment & Adversaries
Personal protection breaks into two categories:
1. Protection from the environment (weather, exposure, elements)
2. Protection from adversaries (threats, wildlife, self-defense)
We'll cover environment first, as exposure kills more people than adversaries in survival situations.
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Clothing: Layering System
Disclaimer: This is a 30,000-foot overview. Your specific clothing needs depend entirely on:
• Your environment (desert, mountain, forest, urban)
• Season (summer, winter, shoulder seasons)
• Expected weather conditions
The Layering Principle:
Base Layer - Moisture wicking, next to skin
Mid Layer – Insulation and doubles as outer layer, tough, mobile
Outer Layer – Protection from wind, rain, snow
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Outer Layer: Weather Protection
Outdoor Research Gore-Tex Jacket
Features:
• 100% waterproof
• Breathable (prevents sweat buildup)
• Lightweight and packable
• Proven durability
Weight: ~0.9 lbs
Why Gore-Tex: It's the gold standard for waterproof-breathable fabric. Cheaper "waterproof" jackets trap sweat and make you wet from the inside.
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Mid Layer: Insulation
Beyond Clothing Reversible Puffy
Features:
• Reversible (two color options for different environments)
• Lightweight synthetic insulation
• Packs down small
• Works even when wet (unlike down)
Weight: ~1.0 lb
Note: Beyond Clothing is military-issue and expensive. More economical alternatives exist (Patagonia, Arc'teryx, Outdoor Research), but quality insulation is worth the investment.
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Pants: Durable & Weather Resistant
Beyond L5 Backcountry Pant
Features:
• Water-resistant
• Wind-resistant
• Lightweight yet durable
• Flexible and breathable
• Multiple pockets
Weight: ~1.0 lb
Key Point: Your pants take more abuse than any other clothing item. Invest in quality that won't rip, tear, or fail when you need them most.
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Base Layer: Moisture Management
Waffle-Weave Top (Grid Fleece)
Features:
• Excellent moisture wicking
• Maintains warmth even when damp
• Multiple thickness options
• Can layer multiple weights together
Weight: 0.5-0.8 lbs
Merino Wool Base Layer (Pants)
Why Merino:
• Antimicrobial (doesn't smell after days of wear)
• Temperature regulating (warm when cold, cool when warm)
• Moisture wicking
• Comfortable against skin 24/7
Weight: 0.4-0.6 lbs
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Socks: Your Most Important Clothing Item
Darn Tough Merino Wool Socks
Features:
• Merino wool construction
• Lifetime warranty (they replace them for life)
• Summer weight and winter weight options
• Prevent blisters better than cotton
Weight: 0.2 lbs per pair
Carry: 3 pairs minimum (one on feet, one in pack, one drying/backup)
Reality: Foot care is survival. If feet no happy – You no happy. Take care of your feet.
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Boots: Foundation of Mobility
Solomon Insulated Waterproof Boots
Features:
• Insulation for cold weather
• Waterproof membrane
• Proven durability through military use
• Comfortable for extended wear
Weight: 2-3 lbs per pair
Boot Selection Criteria:
• Waterproof in wet environments
• Insulated for cold weather is a plus
• Or Breathable for hot weather
• Broken in BEFORE emergency (never wear new boots on mission)
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Sleep System: Something to Sleep In, On, and Under
A quality sleep system is non-negotiable for 72+ hour operations. Poor sleep degrades decision-making, physical performance, and immune function.
The Complete Sleep System includes:
1. Something to sleep IN (sleeping bag/liner)
2. Something to sleep ON (sleeping pad)
3. Something to sleep UNDER (tarp/shelter)
4. CORDAGE to tie it all together
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Cordage: Survival 550 Paracord
Standard vs. Survival Paracord:
Survival cordage includes:
• Standard 550 lb working load (7 inner strands)
• + Wire strand (snare traps, emergency repairs)
• + Monofilament fishing line (catch food)
• + Tinder strand (fire starting)
Carry: 100 feet minimum (Cut into 10’ and 5’ hanks, burn ends and daisy chain for storage)
Weight: 1.0 lbs
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Something to Sleep ON: Sleeping Pad
Option 1: Inflatable Air Mattress (Thermarest, Nemo)
Pros:
• Lightweight (~1.5 lbs)
• Compact when deflated
• Excellent insulation from ground
• Quick setup (blow up without pump)
Cons:
• Can puncture (though rare with quality brands)
• Difficult to repair in field
Weight: 1.5 lbs
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Option 2: Closed-Cell Foam Pad
Pros:
• Nearly indestructible
• Works even if damaged
• Cheaper
• Can be used for multiple purposes (signaling, sitting, insulation)
Cons:
• Bulkier (1/3 the weight but 2x the size)
• Less comfortable
Weight: 0.5 lbs
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Option 3: Hybrid (Foam + Air)
Some pads combine open-cell foam inside an air mattress. More comfortable but heavier.
My Choice: Inflatable air mattress for compact and temperature saving insulation. I protect it carefully and haven't had issues.
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Something to Sleep IN: Bivy + Liner System
Snugpak SF Bivy (Gore-Tex)
Purpose: Waterproof, breathable protective shell around your sleep system
Features:
• Gore-Tex construction (breathable + 100% waterproof)
• Lightest weight option available
• Compact when packed
• Proven military use
Weight: 1.2 lbs
Why a bivy over just a sleeping bag? Even the best sleeping bags lose performance when wet. The bivy creates a protective barrier.
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Sea to Summit Thermolite Reactor Liner
Purpose: Lightweight sleeping bag liner
Features:
• Very warm for the weight
• Soft and comfortable
• Bright orange color (can be used as signal panel)
• Packs down extremely small
Weight: 0.7 lbs
Temperature Rating: This setup works down to about 40°F. For colder weather, upgrade to a proper 20°F or 0°F sleeping bag inside the bivy.
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Something to Sleep UNDER: Shelter Options
Option 1: Industrial Survival Blanket Tarp
Features:
• Reflects heat (keeps you warm)
• Grommets for easy setup
• Doubles as ground cloth or emergency signal
• Very durable
Weight: 2.1 lbs
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Option 2: Military Poncho
Features:
• Worn as rain gear during movement
• Converts to 5x7 tarp shelter
• Hood tied off to prevent water pooling
• Multi-use item (shelter, rain gear, pack cover)
Weight: 1.5 lbs
Pro Tip: Tie the hood in a knot so water doesn't pool in the middle of your shelter at night.
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Option 3: Rab Siltarp
Features:
• Extremely lightweight
• Very durable silnylon material
• Compact pack size
• Dedicated emergency shelter
Cons:
• No reflective capability
Weight: 0.8 lbs
My Current Setup: I rotate between these options depending on mission. The Rab Siltarp is my current favorite for weight-to-durability ratio.
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Waterproof Stuff Sack
Sea to Summit Dry Bag
Package your entire sleep system and all clothing in a waterproof compression sack.
Benefits:
• Everything stays dry
• Compresses system to minimum size
• Organized and protected
Weight: 0.3 lbs
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Fire Starting: Multiple Methods
Rule of Three: Always carry three independent methods to start fire.
Method 1: Windproof Lighter
Primary fire starting tool:
• Fast and effective
• Works in wind and rain
• Refillable
Weight: 0.2 lbs
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Method 2: Ferrocerium Rod (Large)
Features:
• 3,000°F sparks
• Works when wet
• Thousands of strikes
• No fuel required
Magnesium Addition:
• Magnesium shavings burn at 5,000°F
• H2O is an accelerant for magnesium (works in rain)
• Scrape small pile, ignite with ferro rod sparks
Handle Bonus: Some ferro rods have oil-infused fatwood handles. Scrape shavings for additional tinder.
Weight: 0.2 lbs
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Method 3: Cotton Balls + Vaseline
Why this combination crushes everything else:
I've tested dozens of commercial tinder products. This homemade option:
• Cheapest of all options
• Outperforms every commercial tinder tested
• Multi-use (Vaseline lubricates tools, treats minor wounds)
Preparation: Coat cotton balls in Vaseline, store in waterproof container
Weight: <0.1 lbs
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Cooking System
BRS Titanium Stove
Features:
• One of the smallest/lightest on market
• Screws onto isobutane fuel canister
• Boils water in under 2 minutes
• Ultralight backpacking favorite
Weight: 0.2 lbs
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Isobutane Fuel Canisters
Carry: Can obtain larger canisters for unknown time/distance operations
Weight: 0.5 lbs each
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Pathfinder Single-Wall Steel Cup
Multi-use container:
• Boil water for purification
• Cook meals and soups
• Drink coffee
• Heat snow for water
Why single-wall? Can be placed directly in fire or on stove.
Weight: 0.2 lbs
Pro Tip: This one container handles all cooking and drinking needs. Don't carry extra pots/pans.
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TOOLS: Bushcraft & Field Operations
The right tools multiply your capabilities in the field.
Multi-Tool
Leatherman Signal
Standard Features:
• Pliers, wire cutters
• Multiple knife blades
• Screwdrivers (Phillips, flathead)
• File, saw
• 10+ tools total
Signal-Specific Additions:
• Built-in ferrocerium rod
• Emergency whistle
• Diamond sharpener
• Made in USA
Weight: 0.3 lbs
Why a multi-tool? You can't predict every task. 10+ tools in one package covers 90% of field repairs and problems.
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Backup Knife System
Outdoor Elements Scout Feather
Features:
• Ultralight backup blade
• Glow-in-the-dark handle
• Emergency whistle
• 90° flat grind for ferro rod striking
• Includes ferrocerium rod
• Built-in sharpener
Weight: 0.2 lbs
Purpose: Redundancy. Primary knife might break, get lost, or not be ideal for skinning small game etc. Always have backup.
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Primary Knife
Lucas Olson Custom Tracker Design
Features:
• Tracker blade design (multiple edge angles)
• Optimized for bushcraft
• Full tang construction
• Custom-built for durability
Contact: Instagram @lucasolsoncustom
Weight: Varies (typically 0.8-1.2 lbs)
Cost: Custom pricing but reasonable
Key Point: This design excels at bushcraft tasks—splitting wood, carving, detailed work. Far too many uses to list here.
Personal Carry: I keep this on my belt, not in my pack. Tools you need quickly should be immediately accessible.
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Axe (Optional but Valuable)
Halbrooks Axe (Swedish)
When to carry:
• Extended operations (7+ days)
• Cold weather (need to process firewood)
• Bushcraft/shelter building scenarios
• When you have the skills to maximize its use
When to skip:
• Short-duration missions (72 hours or less)
• Minimalist/ultralight setups
• Urban/suburban environments
• If untrained in axe use
Weight: 2.0 lbs
Reality Check: An axe is a force multiplier IF you know how to use it. Untrained, it's just heavy and perhaps the greatest liability in the field. Get training first.
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Shovel/Entrenching Tool
Cold Steel Spetsnaz Shovel (Short Version)
Features:
• Ground to cutting edge (can chop)
• Digging capability
• Shorter version more packable
• Multi-purpose tool
Uses:
• Dig fire pits
• Dig latrines
• Clear debris
• Emergency defense tool
• Or honestly processing firewood…
Weight: 1.5 lbs
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Hand Saw
Silky Zubat
Why Silky saws dominate:
• Cut on the DRAW stroke (not push)
• Less likely to break blade
• Cuts significantly faster than other brands
• Can fell trees much larger than typical hand saws
Carry Method: Kydex holster on leg (not in pack)
Weight: 0.8 lbs
My Experience: I've broken my share of hand saws. Since switching to Silky, zero failures. These are workhorses.
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Leather Work Gloves
Purpose: Hand protection when using axes, saws, shovels
Weight: 0.2 lbs
Reality: Your hands will get scarred enough. Protect them when doing heavy work.
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Micro Survival Kit (Backup Gear)
Contents:
• Emergency whistle
• Small blade
• Ferrocerium rod
• Button compass
• Signal mirror
• Additional small survival items
Philosophy: Third line of gear. If you lose your pack, you still have essentials.
Options:
• Survive Outdoors Longer (SOL) kits (tested and decent)
• DIY Altoids Tin Kit (make your own, customize)
• Nalgene Bottle Kit (stored inside water bottle)
Weight: 0.2 lbs
Pro Tip: Building your own is a valuable exercise. Forces you to think critically about what's truly essential.
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SUSTENANCE: Water & Food
Water is first priority. You can survive 3+ weeks without food. You'll likely die in 3 days without water.
Water Purification & Carrying
GRAYL GeoPress Water Purifier
My #1 water solution:
How it works:
1. Scoop dirty water into outer cup
2. Press inner filter down (8 seconds)
3. Drink purified water immediately
Filters out:
• Viruses (including norovirus, hepatitis A, rotavirus)
• Bacteria (E. coli, salmonella, cholera)
• Protozoa (giardia, cryptosporidium)
• Sediment and particulates
Capacity: 50 gallons per filter
Volume: 24 oz per press
Weight: 1.2 lbs (standard) or 1.4 lbs (titanium)
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Titanium Version Benefits:
• Can boil water in it (single-wall construction)
• Doubles as cook pot
• More durable
• Worth the upgrade
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Iodine Tablets (Backup Method)
Purpose: Third method of water purification
Weight: 0.1 lbs
When to use: GRAYL fails, no ability to boil water, emergency backup
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Nalgene Bottle (32 oz)
Purpose: Tough backup water storage
Features:
• Nearly indestructible
• Wide mouth (easy to fill)
• Can be used for hot liquids
• Measure water accurately
Weight: 0.2 lbs
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CamelBak 100oz Water Bladder
Purpose: Hands-free hydration on the move
Features:
• 100 oz capacity (3 liters)
• Drink without stopping
• Fits inside pack
• Insulated tube options
Weight: 0.3 lbs
Cold Weather Tip: Blow water back into bladder after drinking. Prevents tube from freezing solid.
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Food: Strategic Planning
Disclaimer: Food selection is highly personal and mission-dependent.
Variables to Consider:
• How far are you traveling?
• Worst-case scenario vs. most likely scenario?
• Resupply points available?
• Weight capacity?
• Food preferences and restrictions?
• Cooking capability?
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Food Option 1: Emergency Rations
Survival Rations (3,600 calorie bar)
Pros:
• Extremely compact
• 5+ year shelf life
• No preparation required
• Calorie-dense
Cons:
• Tastes like sweetened cardboard
• Not exciting to eat
• Can cause constipation
Weight: 1.7 lbs
Use Case: Pre-staged in BOB as emergency backup. Not first choice for daily consumption.
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Food Option 2: Freeze-Dried Meals
Mountain House or Peak Refuel
Pros:
• Just add hot water
• 10+ year shelf life
• Variety of flavors
• Familiar comfort food
Cons:
• Requires water and heat
• More expensive
Weight: 0.3 lbs per meal
Quantity: 3-6 meals for 72-hour operations (1-2 per day)
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Food Option 3: No-Cook Trail Foods
Cashews, Almonds, Trail Mix
Pros:
• Zero preparation
• Eat on the move
• Calorie-dense
• Long shelf life
Weight: 0.4 lbs per bag
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Jerky (Beef, Wagyu, Elk)
Pros:
• High protein
• No preparation
• Lightweight
• Morale booster (tastes good)
Weight: 0.4 lbs per bag
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ProBar Meal Bars
Pros:
• 370+ calories per bar
• Real food ingredients (not protein bar chemicals)
• Portable
• No cooking required
Weight: 0.2 lbs per bar
Quantity: 4-8 bars for 72 hours
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Food Strategy: Balanced Approach
My Recommendation:
Combination system:
1. Emergency rations (staged, don't touch unless emergency)
2. Freeze-dried meals (hot food for morale, evening meals)
3. No-cook trail food (eat while moving, quick energy)
Calculation Example (72 hours):
• 3 freeze-dried meals (breakfast/dinner)
• 8 meal bars (on-the-go food)
• 3 bags nuts/trail mix (constant snacking)
• 1 emergency ration pack (backup)
Total Food Weight: ~8 lbs for 72 hours
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Food Resupply Considerations
Caches:
Can you pre-stage food along your route?
Foraging:
Do you have skills to gather wild edibles?
Hunting/Fishing:
Can you procure protein in the field?
Reality Check: Most people overestimate their foraging/hunting ability. Don't rely on it for primary nutrition unless you're highly trained.
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NAVIGATION: Vehicle-Borne & Foot Mobile
Navigation breaks into two categories:
1. Vehicle-borne (car, bike, ATV, boat, improvised craft)
2. Foot mobile (hiking, running, walking)
Always try to make movement easy on yourself. Think outside the box. Can you use a bicycle? A boat? A raft?
But most BOB scenarios will involve significant foot travel. Here's the gear that will help you to navigate effectively.
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GPS Systems (Electronic Navigation)
Layer 1: Smartphone App
Recommended Apps:
• OnX Offroad (vehicle + foot)
• CalTopo (free, customizable)
Pros:
• Large screen
• Detailed maps
• Easy to use
Cons:
• Battery dependent
• May have limited coverage
• (Do your adversaries have cell tracking capabilities? You need to know if you’re going to use it outside of a Faraday bag)
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Layer 2: Garmin inReach Mini
Already in your comms kit, doubles as GPS:
• Topographic maps
• Waypoint navigation
• Track recording
• Satellite backup
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Layer 3: Garmin Instinct Tactical Watch
Features:
• GPS navigation
• Compass, altimeter, barometer
• MIL-STD-810 durability
• Solar charging (extended battery)
• Real-time location
Note: Requires unique charging cable (bring spare)
Cons: Uses battery fast when navigating or tracking, also takes exceptionally good location and longer to receive updated GPS location. Still an asset, but more limited
Pro Tip: Get aftermarket silicone port covers to prevent grit/dirt from gunking up charging port.
Weight: 0.1 lbs
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Analog Navigation (Non-Electronic)
When batteries die and electronics fail, these tools save your life.
Military Lensatic Compass
Recommended: Cammenga Model
Features:
• Tritium illumination (glows in dark without charging)
• Military-grade construction
• Proven reliability
Weight: 0.3 lbs
Why tritium matters: Night navigation without light source. Doesn't require "charging" like glow-in-the-dark.
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Laminated Topographic Maps
Option 1: Custom Printed (CalTopo)
Process:
2. Select your area
3. Choose map features (trails, roads, topo lines, water sources)
4. Print on both sides (two different areas or different features)
5. Laminate at home
Pros:
• Free
• Fully customizable
• Choose exact features you need
Weight: 0.1 lbs
Cost: Free (printing/laminating only)
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Option 2: Rugged Maps (Pre-Made)
Features:
• Waterproof material
• Tear-resistant
• High-quality print
• Custom area selection
Weight: 0.5 lbs
Website: ruggedmaps.com
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Map Protractor
Purpose: Plot accurate bearings and measure distances
Weight: <0.1 lbs
Use Case: Navigation techniques requiring precision (triangulation, resection, intersection)
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Additional Navigation Tools
Pace Counter
Purpose: Track known distances between points
How it works:
1. Determine your pace count (how many steps = 100 meters)
2. Use ranger beads to count paces
3. Verify you're on correct route
Buy or DIY: Available for purchase or make your own with 550 cord and beads or castle knots
Weight: 0.1 lbs
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Headlamp
Purpose: Hands-free night navigation
Features to look for:
• Multiple brightness settings
• Red light mode (preserves night vision)
• Long battery life or rechargeable
• Weather-resistant
Weight: 0.2 lbs
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Rite in the Rain Notebook
Purpose: All-weather documentation
Uses:
• Navigation Checklist
• Record waypoints
• Track observations
• Document intel
• General notes
Weight: 0.3 lbs
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Writing Instruments:
• Standard pencil (doesn't freeze or dry out)
• Grease pencil (writes on wet and laminated surfaces)
• Sharpie marker (permanent marking)
Weight: <0.1 lbs total
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Needle & Thread (Can use 550 inner core strands)
Purpose: Gear repair, medical sutures, improvised tools
Weight: <0.1 lbs
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ORGANIZATION: Chest Rig System
Optional but recommended: A chest rig helps organize gear on your person separate from your pack.
Benefits:
• Quick access to critical items
• Don't need to remove pack
• Better weight distribution (The counter balance is small but noticeable)
• Organized by priority
Items on Chest Rig:
• Compass
• GPS unit
• Map
• Headlamp
• Whistle
• Knife
• Medical (tourniquet)
• Signaling device(s)
Not Required: You can organize through pockets and belt-mounted gear. Personal preference.
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PERSONAL PROTECTION: Adversaries
Final Category: Protection from human threats.
This section is intentionally brief because it's highly personal and situational.
Variables to Consider:
Threat Assessment:
• What adversaries are you likely to encounter?
• Civil unrest? Wildlife? Desperation from other evacuees?
Training:
• What weapons are you proficient with?
• What have you trained with under stress?
Weight:
• How much extra weight can you carry?
• Ammunition is heavy
________________________________________
Options Range From:
Minimal: Everyday concealed carry handgun
Moderate: Handgun + extra magazines + defensive knife
Heavy: Rifle/carbine + handgun + significant ammunition
Extreme: Full tactical loadout with armor, NVG, extended magazines
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My Setup (Referenced in Script):
The gear I showed totals approximately 30 lbs dry weight (without food, water, or personal defense items).
Add:
• 3L water = 6.6 lbs
• 72-hour food = 8 lbs
• Defensive items = varies (5-20+ lbs depending on setup)
Total Loaded Weight: 35-60+ lbs depending on your choices
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Most Important Principle:
Don't carry gear you can't use.
A $3,000 rifle you've never trained with is worse than a $300 shotgun you're proficient with.
Prioritize:
1. Training over gear
2. Proficiency over caliber
3. Reliability over tactical aesthetics
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WORST CASE vs. MOST LIKELY SCENARIOS
Plan for both:
Most Likely Scenario:
• Short-duration evacuation (72 hours or less)
• Resupply points available
• Some infrastructure still functioning
• Travel by vehicle part of the way
• Return home within a week
Gear Strategy: Lighter, faster, adequate supplies
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Worst Case Scenario:
• Extended displacement (7+ days)
• No resupply available
• Complete infrastructure failure
• Foot mobile entire distance
• Hostile environment
Gear Strategy: Heavier pack, more supplies, full capability
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Most people should prepare for the MOST LIKELY scenario first, then add capability for worst case as budget/fitness allows.
Don't build a 70 lb pack you can't carry. Better to have a functional 35 lb pack.
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BOB vs. INCH: Understanding the Difference
If I'm just bugging out (expecting to return or relocate temporarily):
• BOB setup as described above
• 72-hour supplies
• 30-40 lb total weight
If I'm never coming home (permanent displacement):
• Additional bushcraft tools (axe, saw, shovel)
• More food reserves
• Extra personal defense supplies
• May be up to 50-70+ lb total weight depending on fitness
• Focus on long-term sustainability
The gear is similar. The quantities and extras differ.
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WEIGHT MANAGEMENT: The 30 LB Reality Check
Base weight (gear only): ~30 lbs
Add water (3L): +6.6 lbs
Add food (72 hrs): +8 lbs
Add personal defense: +5-20 lbs
Total: 50-65 lbs fully loaded
Can You Carry This?
Fitness test: Load your pack to full weight. Walk 10 miles.
If you can't complete this, your pack is too heavy OR your fitness needs work.
Solutions:
1. Improve fitness (preferred)
2. Reduce pack weight
3. Both
Reality: A 35 lb pack you can carry 20 miles beats a 65 lb pack you can carry 2 miles.
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TRAINING: More Important Than Gear
The best gear in the world is useless if you don't know how to use it under stress.
Essential Training Areas:
Physical Fitness:
• Ruck marching with weight
• Cardiovascular endurance (10+ mile capacity)
• Functional strength
• Load-carrying progression
Equipment Proficiency:
• Fire starting in adverse conditions
• Shelter construction
• Water purification methods
• Navigation (map and compass)
• Knife/bushcraft skills
• First aid and trauma care
Scenario Practice:
• Bug out drills with family
• Navigation exercises
• Shelter building in bad weather
• Fire starting when cold/wet/exhausted
Mental Conditioning:
• Decision-making under duress
• Stress inoculation
• Maintaining calm in chaos
• Leadership under pressure
________________________________________
Professional Training Available:
Grey Man Academy
Tactical training for real-world scenarios from former SERE specialists.
Learn to use your equipment under stress. Because the best gear in the world is worthless if you don't know how to deploy it when your heart is pounding and your hands are shaking.
________________________________________
COMMON BOB MISTAKES TO AVOID
Mistake 1: Packing Too Much
Problem: 70 lb pack that's impossible to carry
Solution: Ruthlessly prioritize. Cut weight where possible. Test by walking 10 miles.
Mistake 2: Untested Gear
Problem: Buying equipment but never using it
Solution: Test everything. Use it, break it, replace it. Know its limitations.
Mistake 3: No Physical Fitness
Problem: Perfect gear but can't carry it 5 miles
Solution: Train with weighted pack. Build endurance progressively.
Mistake 4: Ignoring the 5 Basic Needs
Problem: Over-focusing on weapons, under-preparing for medical/water
Solution: Use the framework. Every category must be covered.
Mistake 5: Never Practicing
Problem: Gear sits in closet for years
Solution: Run drills. Practice scenarios. Update gear regularly.
Mistake 6: Wrong Bag Size
Problem: Bag too large (tempts overpacking) or too small (can't fit essentials)
Solution: 40-60L pack for most people. Forces discipline.
Mistake 7: Cheap Critical Gear
Problem: Budget boots, cheap sleeping bag, poor quality knife
Solution: Invest in items that affect survival. Sleep system, footwear, water purification.
Mistake 8: No Food Strategy
Problem: Either no food or 30 lbs of MREs
Solution: Balance freeze-dried, no-cook, and emergency rations. Test what you'll actually eat.
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BUILDING YOUR BOB: Action Steps
Step 1: Take the Go Bag Discovery Quiz
Discover which bag type matches your preparedness needs:
The quiz will determine if you need:
• WUSH Bag (0-30 minute escape)
• Get Home Bag (24-hour travel)
• Bug Out Bag (72-hour survival) ← You are here
• INCH Bag (long-term displacement)
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Step 2: Use the Go Bag Builder Pro Tool
Customize your Bug Out Bag with our FREE interactive tool:
You’ll be taken to it directly after the quiz.
Features:
• ✅ Complete BOB gear lists
• ✅ Real-time weight calculations
• ✅ Pricing and purchase links
• ✅ Customizable based on environment
• ✅ Printable packing lists
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The Complete Bug Out Bag Guide: Multiple Day Survival Set-Up from a Former SERE Specialist
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