A thin menopausal 52-year-old woman is diagnosed with breast cancer. Her menarche was at the age of 14y. She had her first child at age40 years. During lactation, she developed breast abscess that necessitated surgical intervention. She has no family history of breast cancer. Which of the following is the most significant risk factor for this patient.?

A 70-year-old retired farm worker presents with a scaly lesion on the back of his left wrist. Biopsy shows enlarged pleomorphic squamous cells with mitoses that have breached the basement membrane. What is the name of this process?

A 73-year-old man with a history of irregular bowel movements presents with dysuria, pneumaturia and an Escherichia coli urinary tract Infection. CT scans show a mass involving the sigmoid colon and the bladder. What is the commonest cause of this presentation?

A 42-year-old multiparous woman is admitted to the Emergency Department due to pelvic discomfort. The duty gynaecologist diagnoses uterine prolapse. Which anatomical structure gives significant direct support to the uterus?

A 56-year-old man with chronic emphysema is on the high dependency unit (HDU), ten days after anterior resection. He has developed acute shortness of breath and hypotension. Which of the following landmarks would be the most appropriate to use to obtain a femoral arterial blood gas sample?