For extra points, by whom?

As the US political leadership is threatening to bomb the country of Iran "back the Stone Age", let's look at the relationship between Portugal and Iran (historically 'Persia' under the Safavid dynasty and later periods): *Early Modern Period (15th–18th centuries)* 1489–1492: First indirect Portuguese contacts with the Persian Gulf region. Explorer Pêro da Covilhã visits the area while scouting trade routes for King João II. 1507: Portuguese forces under Afonso de Albuquerque conquer the strategic island of Hormuz (Ormuz) in the Persian Gulf, establishing control over key trade routes. This marks the beginning of direct Portuguese–Safavid interactions, often marked by both cooperation (against common Ottoman threats) and rivalry. 1513: Afonso de Albuquerque sends ambassadors (Miguel and João Ferreira) to Shah Ismail I of Persia, initiating formal diplomatic exchanges. 1515–1622: Portugal maintains a presence in Hormuz, using it as a trading and military outpost. Multiple embassies travel between the Portuguese Estado da Índia and the Safavid court. Relations involve trade, anti-Ottoman alliances, and occasional conflicts. 1622: Combined Anglo-Persian forces (English East India Company assisting Shah Abbas I) recapture Hormuz from the Portuguese, ending over a century of Portuguese dominance in the Gulf. A subsequent Portuguese attempt to retake it in 1625 ends in a naval stalemate. 1630–1722: After the loss of Hormuz, Portugal shifts focus to Bandar-e Kong on the Persian mainland as a trading center under agreements with Safavid Iran. This sustains commercial ties for about a century. 1736 onward: Relations decline sharply under Nader Shah Afshar. Official political and trade contacts largely cease for decades. *19th–Early 20th Century* Mid-19th century (Qajar period): Sporadic re-engagement, but no sustained official diplomatic framework until the 20th century. *Modern Diplomatic Era (20th–21st centuries)* 1932: Portugal opens its first consulate in Tehran.

On this day, in 1515, a Portuguese fleet commanded by Afonso de Albuquerque captured the strategic Persian fortress of Hormuz (Ormuz) in the Strait of Hormuz. Renamed the Fort of Our Lady of the Conception, it secured vital control over spice trade routes between Europe, India, and the Middle East, marking a high point of Portuguese maritime empire-building in the Indian Ocean.

Foregoing a traditional meia de leite or galão and pastel de nata, it's a cappuccino and croissant (with mystery filling) for me in Bologna this morning...

Is anyone here using DIGI? And do you have any feedback about the service? DIGI deals Also, anyone using Starlink? I'd like to know why people buy the static unit, when a mobile device is also available?