1. look for an easy point to compare (for example the vertex) 2. count how many x-values away the points are, as well as whether you are moving to the left or right 3. do the same with y-values, but with up and down 4. when number is inside parentheses, ex: f(x-1), it is moving the opposite as what you would think, so f(x-1) is moving f(x) to the right 1 5. when number is outside parentheses, ex: f(x) + 1, it is moving the same as what you would think, so f(x) is moved up one Try to use that to solve it. Hope I helped!