What is the difference between race and ethnicity, and why is it important to understand these differences? - Race is a social construct used to group people based on perceived physical traits like skin color, hair texture, and facial features. It's not rooted in biology or genetics but is a system created to categorize people and has historically been used to justify inequality and oppression. - Ethnicity, on the other hand, refers to a group of people who share common cultural traits, such as language, religion, customs, traditions, and ancestry. Understanding the difference is crucial because it helps us see that race is not a biological reality but a social construct that has profound impacts on how people are treated in society. - It’s important to recognize that someone can be of one race and a different ethnicity, such as a Black Latino. How does white supremacy manifest, and how can I recognize it in my own actions and beliefs? - White supremacy is a hierarchical societal construct that enforces dominance and privileges based on race. It uses institutions and policies that systematically discriminate against people of color. White supremacy is not just about overt acts of hate but also about the subtle ways that white culture and values are normalized as superior, often unintentionally, leading to marginalization of other cultures. It can be seen in various ways, such as the normalization of whiteness in media, the disproportionate power held by white individuals in institutions, and the denial of the impacts of racism through "colorblind" ideology. Examining personal beliefs, and understanding the historical context of racism, as well as reflecting on how we benefit from a system that favors whiteness, can help us recognize and address these biases. You can also use a tool like the Racism Scale which lists statements ranging from helpful to harmful. What is internalized racism, and how does it impact individuals and communities? - Internalized racism occurs when individuals from marginalized racial groups adopt the negative beliefs and stereotypes about their own race. This can lead to self-doubt, low self-esteem, and intergroup conflicts, where individuals start to believe and perpetuate negative stereotypes about their own racial group. This form of racism is harmful because it undermines self-worth and community cohesion. Countering internalized racism requires education, empowerment, and actively cultivating a positive racial identity through cultural pride and community building.