IRS documents describe Schedule C (Form 1040) as the form used to report income or loss from a business or profession operated as a sole proprietorship.
What IRS Documents Describe:
IRS publications and instructions explain that Schedule C is used to report:
- Income received from a trade or business operated by an individual
- Business expenses related to that activity
- Net profit or loss, which flows to Form 1040
IRS guidance explains that a business activity reported on Schedule C must generally be carried on regularly and with the intent of earning income or profit, as described in the Schedule C instructions.
IRS documents also describe how certain amounts reported on information returns—such as Forms 1099-NEC, 1099-MISC, and 1099-K—may be included on Schedule C when they relate to business or self-employment activity. The instructions explain how gross receipts and expenses are combined on Schedule C to determine net results.
The IRS further explains that Schedule C applies to individuals operating as sole proprietors and does not apply to corporations or partnerships, which use different forms and reporting rules.
Where to Find Details
IRS guidance on Schedule C is primarily described in:
- Instructions for Schedule C (Form 1040), Profit or Loss From Business
- “About Schedule C (Form 1040)” overview page on IRS.gov
- IRS Publication 334, Tax Guide for Small Business
- IRS Publication 525, Taxable and Nontaxable Income
Further reading (official IRS-based guide):
Disclaimer
“This information is based on official IRS publications and is provided for educational purposes only. It is not tax or legal advice. Tax situations vary, and individuals should consult the IRS or a qualified tax professional for guidance specific to their circumstances.”