27d • General discussion
Kohlberg’s theory
Building on the work of Jean Piaget, John Dewey and James Mark Baldwin, Lawrence Kohlberg’s
studies of moral development led him to identify 3 levels of moral development with 2 stages
within each level.
The preconventional morality level is the period in which a child is influenced by reward
and punishment.
o Stage 1 - Obedience and punishment orientation, the child sees authority as handing
down the rules on right and wrong.
o Stage 2 – Individualism and exchange, the child begins to perceive that there is not just
one right way.
The conventional morality level is the period during adolescence when the person strives
to meet standards set by the family and society.
o Stage 3 –Good interpersonal relationships. During this period, the person is motivated
by such feelings as love, empathy and concern for others.
o Stage 4 – Maintaining the social order, the person becomes more concerned with society
as a whole.
The postconventional morality level is the period of self-accepted principles.
o Stage 5 – Social contract and individual rights, the person begins to think about what
makes a good society and what any society should value.
o Stage 6 – Universal principles, the person has a concern for justice and its impartial
application to everyone.
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Kohlberg’s theory
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