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The high-yield decreasing/falling trends to remember are:
- Marriage rates ↓ — fewer people marry, and people tend to marry later.
- Birth/fertility rates ↓ — families generally have fewer children.
- Household size ↓ — fewer people per household compared with earlier generations.
- Traditional nuclear-family households ↓ — greater diversity in family structures.
- Infant mortality ↓ — long-term improvement due to medical/public-health advances.
- Death rates from many historically common diseases ↓ because of improved health care and prevention.
- Physical strength, speed, reaction time, and sensory acuity ↓ with aging.
- Fluid intelligence ↓ with age — especially speed of processing and solving novel problems.
- Crystallized intelligence generally does NOT decline early; knowledge, vocabulary, and accumulated experience tend to remain stable or increase until later life.
- Social interaction/network size may decrease in later adulthood, while emotionally meaningful relationships become more selective.
And remember the opposite trends, because the NCE loves flipping the question:
Increasing ↑: life expectancy, age at first marriage, older-adult population, cohabitation, diversity of family structures, women in the workforce, and the need for elder care.
One big exam trap: “Intelligence declines with age” is too broad. Think fluid ↓, crystallized stays stable/↑.