A 65-year-old man, with a history of ischaemic heart disease, has an abdomino- perineal excision of the rectum after which he is stable. Two days later he is clammy, has cool peripheries, a tachycardia and a blood pressure of 80/60 mmHg. His temperature is normal. What is the most likely cause?

Vitamin K is required for normal blood clotting. Which one of the following statements is true about the effects and availability of vitamin K?

A 21 -year-old man is admitted to the Emergency Department with a stab injury to his right chest. Pulse rate is 110 beats/minute and blood pressure is 85/40 mmHg. Chest X-ray shows a large right haemothorax and a very small light apical pneumothorax. Which is the first substance secreted in the process leading to increased renal reabsorption of sodium in response to the above injury?

During the second (proliferative) phase of wound healing the predominant cells in the wound site are fibroblasts. This cell is of mesenchymal origin and produces the matrix and collagen needed to strengthen the scar. Cross linkage of collagen requires hydroxy-proline and hydroxy-lysine residues, which requires a specific vitamin to be available in sufficient quantities. Deficiency of which vitamin results in collagen that is unstable?

A 12-year-old boy presents to the Emergency Department two hours after helping his father cut the grass. He complains of rhinorrhea, itchy eyes, sneezing and a blocked nose. He is apyrexial with a haemoglobin of 12.2 g/dl and white blood cell count of 6.8 * 109/L with a raised eosinophil count. Chest X-ray is clear. Which immunoglobulin is most likely to cause this reaction? (ACID →EGGT)