A multinational corporation is in the process of merging its IT infrastructure with a recently acquired company. The goal is to allow seamless access to corporate resources for employees from both organizations while maintaining security and compliance with regulatory requirements. The acquired company's infrastructure uses a different identity provider than the parent company. As the lead IAM architect, you need to design a solution that supports Single Sign-On (SSO) for both companies' users accessing shared resources. Which identity federation protocol should you recommend implementing to achieve this integration while ensuring secure authentication and authorization? Options: A. Option A: Security Assertion Markup Language (SAML) B. Option B: OAuth 2.0 C. Option C: Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP) D. Option D: Kerberos

XYZ Corporation is developing a new web application and wants to ensure that it is protected against common security threats like SQL injection and cross-site scripting (XSS). They have decided to implement input validation as a primary security measure. What is the most effective way to implement input validation to mitigate these threats? Options: A. Use client-side validation to check inputs before submission to the server. B. Implement server-side validation to check all inputs against a defined set of rules. C. Rely solely on web application firewalls to detect and block malicious inputs. D. Utilize automated testing tools to identify and fix vulnerabilities during development.

James is building a disaster recovery plan for his organization and would like to determine the amount of acceptable data loss after an outage. What variable is James determining?